Python programs dictionary functions

Python programs dictionary functions

 # Create a dictionary

student = {'name': 'John', 'age': 25, 'grade': 'A'}

# Accessing values

print("Name:", student['name'])

print("Age:", student['age'])

print("Grade:", student['grade'])

Tkinter :Calculator in Python

 import tkinter as tk

def button_click(number):

    current = entry.get()

    entry.delete(0, tk.END)

    entry.insert(tk.END, current + number)

def button_clear():

    entry.delete(0, tk.END)

def button_equal():

    try:

        result = eval(entry.get())

        entry.delete(0, tk.END)

        entry.insert(tk.END, str(result))

    except:

        entry.delete(0, tk.END)

        entry.insert(tk.END, "Error")

def main():

    root = tk.Tk()

    root.title("Calculator")

    

    entry = tk.Entry(root, width=20, font=("Helvetica", 12))

    entry.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4)

    buttons = [

        '7', '8', '9', '/',

        '4', '5', '6', '*',

        '1', '2', '3', '-',

        '0', '.', '=', '+'

    ]

    

    row = 1

    col = 0

    for button in buttons:

        if button == '=':

            tk.Button(root, text=button, width=5, command=button_equal).grid(row=row, column=col)

        elif button == 'C':

            tk.Button(root, text=button, width=5, command=button_clear).grid(row=row, column=col)

        else:

            tk.Button(root, text=button, width=5, command=lambda b=button: button_click(b)).grid(row=row, column=col)

        col += 1

        if col > 3:

            col = 0

            row += 1

    root.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":

    main()

Tkinter Library Functions in Python

 Tkinter Library Functions in Python

Function/Class	Description	Example Usage
Tk()	Creates a main window	root = tkinter.Tk()
Label(master, options)	Creates a text label	label = tkinter.Label(root, text="Hello")
Button(master, options)	Creates a button	button = tkinter.Button(root, text="Click")
Entry(master, options)	Creates a single-line text entry	entry = tkinter.Entry(root)
Text(master, options)	Creates a multi-line text area	text = tkinter.Text(root)
Frame(master, options)	Creates a container for other widgets	frame = tkinter.Frame(root)
Canvas(master, options)	Creates a drawing area	canvas = tkinter.Canvas(root)
Menu(master, options)	Creates a menu	menu = tkinter.Menu(root)
Scrollbar(master, options)	Creates a scrollbar	scrollbar = tkinter.Scrollbar(root)
Listbox(master, options)	Creates a listbox widget	listbox = tkinter.Listbox(root)
Checkbutton(master, options)	Creates a checkbutton	checkbutton = tkinter.Checkbutton(root, text="Check")
Radiobutton(master, options)	Creates a radiobutton	radiobutton = tkinter.Radiobutton(root, text="Radio")
Scale(master, options)	Creates a scale (slider) widget	scale = tkinter.Scale(root)
Spinbox(master, options)	Creates a spinbox widget	spinbox = tkinter.Spinbox(root)
Toplevel(master, options)	Creates a new top-level window	top = tkinter.Toplevel(root)
PanedWindow(master, options)	Creates a container for panes	paned_window = tkinter.PanedWindow(root)
PhotoImage(file='path')	Creates an image from a file	image = tkinter.PhotoImage(file='image.png')
pack(options)	Packs a widget into its parent	button.pack()
grid(options)	Places a widget in a grid	label.grid(row=0, column=0)
place(options)	Places a widget at specific coordinates	entry.place(x=10, y=10)
bind(event, function)	Binds an event to a function	button.bind('<Button-1>', callback)
mainloop()	Enters the Tk event loop	root.mainloop()

These are just a few examples of functions and classes available in the tkinter library for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in Python. You can explore more options and details in the Python documentation or by using the help(tkinter) function in the Python interpreter.